October 12, 2026
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7 min read
You have 1,000 items, but testing every one of them is expensive. How many should you randomly inspect: 10, 100, or half the batch?
There is no universal answer based on population size alone. As the NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook explains, sample-size planning depends on the statistical objective and precision requirements. The useful question is: How many items do I need to estimate a proportion with a chosen level of precision? Under common assumptions, the answer is 278—not an arbitrary percentage of the batch.
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April 21, 2025
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8 min read
This is a lecture note of Hidden Markov Models.
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April 20, 2025
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27 min read
This is the notes for the lecture of Markov Chains.
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April 20, 2025
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8 min read
This is a summary of the lecture notes of Markov Processes.
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March 20, 2025
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1 min read
This is a tutorial for stock prices in the context of random processes.
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March 19, 2025
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18 min read
This article is mainly about the Poisson processes in the book “Random Processes” by Gregory F. Lawler.
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March 15, 2025
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20 min read
Compared to deterministic model, which is specified by a set of equations that describe exactly how the system will evolve over time. In a stochastic model, the evolution is at least partially random and if the process is run several times, it will not give identical results.
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February 18, 2025
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5 min read
This article is a summary of the random walks in the book “Random Processes” by Gregory F. Lawler.
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February 2, 2025
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2 min read
February 2, 2025
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5 min read
This is the notes for the lecture of Parameter Estimation.
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